In my last couple of columns, I have written about ways to pull casing with a cable-tool rig.This type of drilling, of course, drives the casing tight into the ground.Pulling it can prove rather difficult.

我讨论过的其他拉车方法都是使用钻机本身，但在本专栏中，我写的是一种简单的、不需要钻机的拉车方法:蛮力。一个沉重的钢环或铸环环绕套管，用环本身固定的锥形卡瓦紧固套管。制造商提供这些环和卡瓦有几种尺寸和类型。

One manufacturer I know of makes casing rings in three capacities:

• 的光模式适用于许多水井。根据卡瓦的不同，有两种尺寸可以处理6英寸到2英寸的管道。这些戒指重70到110磅。这种类型的套管环可以与两个10吨的千斤顶一起使用。
• 他们设计的固定的模式为了覆盖大部分的水井，它可能也适用于石油和天然气钻探。This pattern comes in many sizes and handles pipe from 24-inch OD down to standard 3-inch pipe (which is 3½-inch OD).These rings vary in weight from 175 pounds to 460 pounds and handle any normal-size pipe with the proper slips plus a bushing.This pattern of casing ring can be used with two 50-ton capacity jacks.
• 的沉重的模式奇怪的是，套管环的外径限制在20英寸，或者比普通套管环小几个尺寸。通过合适的卡瓦和衬套，它将一直向下延伸至标准的4英寸管(外径4.5英寸)。这枚戒指有六种尺寸，重量从275磅到1080磅不等。这种沉重的图案和规则的图案都在两边都装有把手，间隔180度，因为移动它们需要动力设备。重型套管环可与两个100吨千斤顶一起使用。

Now no matter which pattern ring you use, you have to pull the casing with jacks.We had an extra-small casing ring limited to 2-inch pipe and we used it often to pull 1¼-inch stab wells.You would often see these shallow wells driven in basements — simply a 1¼-inch pipe screen attached to 1¼-inch pipe with heavy couplings.They were driven manually, with either a sledgehammer or a sliding weight.When the screen plugged on these wells, we would pull it using this light pattern ring with a couple 5-ton hydraulic jacks.We would attach a new screen and drive them back with a heavy gear on a slide for weight.Needless to say, this was hard work.While Michigan made these stab wells illegal, I suspect people still sneak them in at cabins and cottages in lower-populated areas.

我们也有一个圆环，可以处理4英寸的套管。我们把它和几个10吨或15吨的机械千斤顶一起使用(我不记得是哪个了)。这种千斤顶的行程比液压千斤顶长，但它们很重，使用起来也很困难。我记得，它们有大约6英尺长的木制把手，很难操作。我们发现，无论是使用拉拔桥塞还是套管罐，与钻机碰撞的效果都差不多，对我们来说也容易得多。

Probably the best setup for pulling by the brute force method includes jacks that are equipped for use with a hydraulic pump powered by a separate engine.With one of these pumps, a driller can rig up, start pulling and watch the casing come slowly out of the ground.

无论套管的尺寸或提升方法是什么，千斤顶下都需要一个牢固的底座。我们会把沉重的木材放在机械千斤顶下面。即使这样，它们有时也会被推到地面上。100吨千斤顶所需的底座超出了我的经验。

你觉得这种方法过时了吗?到2022年，你仍然可以购买用液压泵操作的套管千斤顶。你可以在商业杂志上看到它们的广告，并配有图片。虽然这是一个缓慢和困难的过程，但使用套管环是有效的，而且通常是必要的。

我尽量保持这个专栏的专业性和非人情味，但我必须认出几个承包商朋友，他们在离我大约40英里的地方工作。位于密歇根州帕尔马市的R.M. Brewer and Sons Well and Pump Service公司正在庆祝钻井行业成立100周年。顺便说一句，这家公司使用电缆工具，尽管我知道他们现在主要做服务性工作。创始人罗伊·布鲁尔(Roy Brewer)的孙子道格拉斯(Douglas)和曾孙肖恩(Shaun)现在经营着这家公司。很明显，他们做了正确的事情，才有了这么长时间的生意。祝贺你,好样的!

We have had kind of hard going around our place lately.Both my wife and I had Covid-19 since my last column.We have recovered, but for me it was a terrible four days.If you had this virus, you know what I mean.If you haven’t, hope and pray that you don’t get it.

更糟糕的是，一周前一场短暂而猛烈的风暴使该地区大部分地区——包括我们在内——断电。我们的家依靠电力，所以我们没有办法用地热泵做饭或给房子降温。我们的系统里确实有足够的水来喝水和刷牙。我有一个能装40加仑井水的无压力水箱，我们用它来冲厕所。除非你没有电，否则你肯定不会意识到电对你的生活有多重要。

哦，是的，我那臭名昭著的草坪看起来很漂亮，绿油油的，我每周修剪一次。直到下次，我希望你有好运，如果你拉套管，记得一直安全工作。